Month: December 2022

Local Law 31 of 2020: Lead Paint Requirements For NYC Property Owners

Post author By ayskolnik@gmail.com
Post date December 31, 2022
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Local Law 31 of 2020: Lead Paint Requirements For NYC Property Owners

New York City’s most persistent public health crisis is lead paint poisoning. Local laws have been passed since 1960 to stop exposure to lead. Particularly addressing lead poisoning among children was Local Law 1 of 2004.

In 2020, the NYC Council passed Local Law 31 to improve enforcement and inspection regulations in Local Law 1. Scroll down and learn more about Local Law 31 and its requirements.

Here’s the article’s overview:

What is lead paint poisoning?
Lead-based paint hazards you need to look out for
Local Law 31 of 2020 defined
The Local Law 31 requirements
What you need to know about X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Analyzer Testing

What is lead paint poisoning?

Lead is a poisonous metal used as a paint ingredient worldwide. Before the 20th century, artists and builders preferred it because of its thickness and density. Plus, it dries quickly and creates a long-lasting finish.

The dangers of lead have been known and documented since the 4th century BC. Reported effects included loss of use of limbs, colic, and anemia, among others. But, many people overlooked the risks then because of the benefits.

Precautions and legal bans on lead-based paint

Precautions were always present in the use of lead. In 1971, the banning of lead became a law in the US. This law prohibited the use of lead paint in residential or commercial buildings. Yet, it was limited to buildings constructed using federal funding or assistance. The total ban on lead-based paint was enacted in 1977. It now included banning lead paint in residential and public properties and on toys and furniture.

Use of lead paint was an accepted family practice in New York City before 1960. Thereafter, selling paint with high lead levels for residential use was prohibited and the state-wide ban was imposed in 1970. Banning by the federal government was in 1978.

Health risks from lead exposure

Lead exposure happens when a part of your body touches a product, surface, or soil that has lead and then the lead gets into your mouth. It may also be in anything you inhale, eat, or swallow, and it contains lead, such as water and food, that catches lead dust from paint peelings.

Children are at a high exposure risk. They tend to put things in their mouths and nibble on window sills and door frames where there may be old coatings of lead-based paint. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, exposure to lead among children results in:

Brain and nervous system damage
Learning and behavior issues
Speech and hearing problems
Slow growth and development

Adults are also at risk when:

Their homes have lead-based paints and are disturbed or damaged. Dust containing lead can be inhaled, ingested or swallowed.
Workers and hobbyists can breathe in, swallow, or ingest lead dust or fumes when working with metal, paint, pigments or glazes with lead.
The water may be contaminated when drinking water passes through plumbing that contains lead.
Getting in contact with soil with lead may occur while gardening, playing, and doing other similar activities.
Using consumer products that contain lead.

An effective way to lower the chances of exposure to lead is to reduce lead-based paint hazards in the environment. Read on to learn about these hazards you need to watch out for.

Lead-based paint hazards you need to look out for

According to the New York City Department of Housing Preservation & Development (HPD), lead-based paint hazards include:

Dust and peelings from disturbed or damaged lead-based paint
Lead paint on:
Rotted wood
Crumbling plaster
Doors and windows, in particular, those that are in contact with one another and are sticking or rubbing together.
Surfaces such as window sills that have been chewed on or susceptible to chewing by children

New York City’s proactive efforts resulted in an improved reduction in childhood lead exposure. Children with elevated blood levels have progressively declined since the local laws’ implementation. The latest numbers recorded a 21% drop in 2019 compared to 2018 of children with blood lead levels of 5 mcg/dL.

Local Law 31 of 2020 defined

Local Law 31 of 2020 was passed by the New York City Council and took effect on August 9, 202. It is the updated version of the existing law preventing poisoning from lead in children. The law is known as Local Law 1 of 2004, entitled ‘NYC Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Act’. This law is enforced by the NYC Department of Housing Preservation & Development (HPD).

What is lead-based paint according to existing NYC local laws?

Lead-based paint is currently defined legally as:

Having lead content measured at 0.5 mg/cm2 or greater
As determined by laboratory analysis or an XRF instrument with an approved performance characteristic sheet (PCS) and programmed at a testing action level of 0.5 mg/cm2.

This regulation complies with Local Law 66 of 2019 and the rules adopted by HPD. Previously, lead-based paint had a higher threshold of 1.0 mg/cm2 or greater, as determined by laboratory analysis or by XRF inspections performed with an approved PCS at a testing action level of 1.0 mg/cm2.

The Local Law 31 requirements

Local Law 31 was passed by the NYC Council in 2020 to improve enforcement and inspection regulations in Local Law 1 of 2004. Below are the significant updates in Local Law 31:

Properties required to be inspected for possible lead paint remediation

Property owners have to conduct certified lead-based paint inspection for all dwelling units built before January 1, 1960, now includes:
Tenant-occupied one- and two-unit buildings, excluding the owner’s family-occupied unit.

Previous laws only included properties with three or more units.

Requirements for children under the age of 6 years:

For dwelling units with children under the age of 6 years, property owners have to make sure that lead inspections are done by August 9, 2021.
If children under the age of 6 years have recently moved in, lead testing has to be complied with within one year of the move-in date.
For properties with no children under six years, lead paint inspections must be completed by August 9, 2025.

Requirements for inspectors and contractors

Lead inspections have to be:
Conducted by independent third-party inspectors or risk assessors certified by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Inspectors and risk assessors must comply with all NYC local requirements, pertinent local laws, and Health Code requirements.
Only X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) inspections are accepted.
They are to be conducted on:
All surfaces of properties built before January 1, 1960.
All surfaces of properties with known lead-based paint between 1960 and 1978.
Building owners must hire home improvement contractors who are EPA-certified. They should follow all lead-based safety standards.

Requirements for Condo/Coop Buildings

Condo or co-op buildings that are rented out, and children under the age of 6 years reside in the property,
An annual XRF inspection must be conducted in common areas and dwelling units.
Certified workers must also perform necessary repairs using safe work practices under Local Law 1 of 2004.
Units occupied by condo or co-op owners and the owner’s family are exempt from this requirement,

What you need to know about X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Analyzer Testing for lead-based paint

XRF, or X-Ray Fluorescence, is the latest technology for detecting and measuring elements in surfaces. EPA-certified trained experts perform XRF inspections. They use handheld XRF analyzers resembling ray guns during lead inspections.

Lead-based paint surface information from dwelling units is gathered by beaming the machine into the surface sample. This “excites” the electrons, and the device records the reaction. When lead is present, the element symbol “Pb” for lead registers in the machine.

Only EPA-certified lead professionals are qualified under Local Law 31 to conduct the XRF Testing. The cost will be calculated according to the size of the units being tested.

Handheld XRF analyzers are the preferred instrument for testing because they are non-destructive, accurate, and can detect lead in seconds.

CONCLUSION

The improved numbers in lead exposure prove how effective NYC Local Laws have been in protecting children in the city. Local Law 31 of 2020’s stricter regulations on enforcement and inspections provide a positive outlook for significantly lowering children’s exposure to lead.

To sum up, the improved regulations include:

Building owners must have XRF lead inspections within five years from the law’s passing or till August 9, 2025.
Lead inspections must be conducted by independent third-party inspectors certified by the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA).
Building owners, property managers, or persons authorized by the property owner must have their apartments inspected within one year of the law or by August 9. 2021 if children under the age of 6 reside in the dwelling unit.
After August 9, 2020, if a family with a child under six moves into a dwelling unit, lead testing must be completed within one year of the move-in date.

Click this link to find the lead paint inspection Brooklyn-based and EPA-certified near you: NY Certified Abatement Firms.To report lead-related problems and hazards, concerned citizens can call 311 or file a complaint online by clicking this link: NYC Lead Paint Page.

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Local Law 55 of 2018: NYC Asthma-Free Housing Act

Post author By ayskolnik@gmail.com
Post date December 28, 2022
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Local Law 55 of 2018: NYC Asthma-Free Housing Act

In January 2018, rising asthma cases in New York City prompted the NYC Council to pass Local Law 55: Asthma-Free Housing Act, or the Indoor Allergen Hazards Law.

The purpose of Local Law 55 is to remove indoor allergen hazards that trigger asthma to:

Prevent new asthma cases.
Stop the worsening of existing asthma cases.

Read on and find out more about Local Law 55.

Below is an overview of the article:

What is asthma?
- Indoor allergen hazards as asthma triggers
The Local Law 55 in a nutshell
Who will be affected by Local Law 55?
The Responsibilities under Local Law 55
- Responsibilities of property owners
- Responsibilities of tenants
Violations and penalties under Local Law 55

What is asthma? What are indoor allergen hazards?

Asthma is a long-term respiratory condition affecting many New York City residents. It is a lung disease that affects the airways of the lungs. The airways are where the air goes in and out when you breathe. Inhaling asthma triggers cause irritation and inflammation. It then narrows the airways and causes breathing difficulties.

Asthma is a manageable yet severe lung disease. One of the primary ways to manage asthma is to improve Indoor air quality (IAQ). IAQ is the quality of air inside structures. It refers to how the air relates to the health and comfort of those residing there.

Local Law 55 aims to improve indoor air quality by removing indoor allergen hazards in NYC residential properties.

Indoor allergen hazards as asthma triggers

Indoor allergen hazards are substances that cause asthma attacks or worsen asthma symptoms. Local Law 55’s list of common indoor allergen hazards in New York City are:

Mold
Mice and rats
Cockroaches

The Local Law 55 in a nutshell

Local Law 55 of 2018 Indoor Allergen Hazards Law passed by the New York City Council sought to improve indoor air quality and required landlords:

To keep their tenants’ homes safe from asthma triggers, particularly mold, rodents, pests, and
To safely fix conditions that cause these problems.
To provide tenants with long-term solutions for healthy, safe, and satisfying dwelling conditions.

NYC Department of Housing Preservation and Development (HPD) and the Department of Buildings (DOB) actively enforce this local law. Penalties, including fees and costly property remediation, are imposed on violators.

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) for pest infestations

Integrated Pest Management or IPM is the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recommended pest management approach. It is a practical, environmentally sensitive approach using the most economical means to protect people, property, and the environment from hazards.

Safe removal of indoor mold

Safety is the top concern in mold remediation in NYC. Guidelines are available to protect people, property, and the environment from mold exposure and other hazards such as asbestos and lead. So, remediation must comply with Local Law 55 standard procedures for indoor environmental hazards.

Who will be affected by Local Law 55?

There are two categories of property owners mandated to follow Local Law 55:

All owners of three or more apartment buildings, and
All property owners of housing units, including co-ops, condos, shelters, and public housing, with a tenant who has asthma:

Landlords under the said categories have mandated responsibilities under Local Law 55. Their tenants have responsibilities as well.

Responsibilities of property owners and tenants under Local Law 55

Both property owners and tenants are mandated by Local Law 55 to manage any indoor allergen hazard issues. Their responsibilities are as follows:

Responsibilities of property owners

Property owners must use integrated pest management practices (IPM).

Below is the list of IPM practices under Local Law 55

Use a HEPA vacuum to remove and thoroughly clean pest nests, pest wastes, and other debris. When cleaning, limit the spread of dust to help improve indoor air quality.
Repair and seal all holes, gaps, and cracks in walls, ceilings, floors, molding, baseboards, surrounding areas of pipes and conduits, and around and within cabinets.
Seal and cover all door gaps by attaching door sweeps leading to hallways, basements, or outside.
Repair all drains, faucets, and other plumbing materials that collect all water and have leaks to remove all possible water sources for pests.
Safely and sparingly use pesticides.
If pesticides must be used to correct violations, only the NY State Department of Environmental Conservation licensed pest professionals can use and apply the pesticide.

Indoor mold must be safely removed by:

For cleaning moldy areas with an area measuring 10 square feet or less with less than 10 apartments:

Use HEPA vacuums or wet mops to clean visible dust in moldy areas.
All standing water, leaks, and moisture conditions must be fixed and removed.
Before cleaning moldy areas, move furniture away from the work area or cover it with plastic sheeting.
All mold-cleaning-related waste must be disposed of in properly sealed heavy-duty plastic bags.

If moldy areas are 10 square feet or more in a building with 10 or more apartments:

Only the New York State Department of Labor–licensed mold assessor and remediator are allowed to clean the area and must comply with New York City Administrative Code section 24-154 and New York State Labor Law Article 32.

Those with three or more apartments must:

At least once a year and more often if necessary, inspect every apartment and common areas for:
- Infestations of pests such as cockroaches and rodents.
- Mold.
- Conditions that lead to mold and pest infestations.
Respond to tenants’ requests or complaints for inspection.
Provide the tenant a copy of the HPD fact sheet and send a notice with each tenant’s lease that clearly states the property owners’ and tenants’ responsibilities to keep the building indoor allergen-free.
Before a new tenant moves in, landlords must ensure that all vacant apartments are thoroughly clean and free of mold and pest infestations.

Responsibilities of tenants

According to Local Law 55, tenants are co-responsible for keeping their dwelling unit and building safe for people with asthma. Their tasks include:

Keep their dwelling unit clean and dry.
All food must be kept in sealed containers.
Sinks and counters must be clean and free of food debris.
Newspapers and paper bags must be neatly kept and not cluttered.
Garbage cans must have tight-fitting lids.
Tenants must take out all garbage and recycle waste every day. Garbage bags must be tied up before being put in compactor chutes.
Avoid strong-smelling pesticides and chemicals, such as in cleaning products and air fresheners.
Report any signs of pests, water leaks, or holes or cracks in walls and floors to property owners or building superintendents.
Allow building staff into homes to make any needed repairs.
Call 311 if property owners or superintendents need to fix problems or if repair work safety precautions were not observed.

Violations and penalties under Local Law 55

NYC HPD and DOB are actively enforcing Local Law 55. These agencies are mandated to act immediately on tenants’ complaints. Here is a rundown of steps that happens when tenants report violations:

Notices of violations will be sent to non-compliant property owners.
Before the deadline stated in the notice, property owners must:
- Correct violations
- File a certification of correction
Violations are classified as:
- Class A:
  - The area of mold presence is less than 10 feet in a room within a dwelling unit.
    or
  - Less than 30 square feet or 50 square feet total in any one level, a hallway, or a common area.

- Class B.
  - The area of mold presence is 10 to 29 square feet in a room within a dwelling unit.
    or
  - Equal to or greater than 30 square feet or 50 square feet in total in any one level, a hallway, or a common area.
  - Presence of all other pests except mice, rats, or cockroaches.

- Class C
  - The area of mold presence is equal to or greater than 30 square feet in a room within a dwelling unit.
  - Presence of mice, rats, or cockroaches in any dwelling unit or common area.

NYC will impose penalty fees according to the severity of the violation. It can run from 10 to 125 dollars per day to a maximum of 10,000 dollars.

When violations are not corrected within the specified time on the Notice of Violation or through eCertification, upgrading of violations will be as follows:

Cases when Class A violation will be upgraded to Class B violation:
- If mold hazard correction has not been done within the specified period and HPD has re-inspected the violation within 70 days of the certification period, and the condition still exists.
- If Class A violation is falsely certified.
Cases when Class B violation will be upgraded to Class C violation:
- If mold hazard correction has not been done within the specified period and HPD has re-inspected the violation within 70 days of the certification period, and the condition still exists.
- If Class B violation is falsely certified.

Only the registered property owner or the registered party responsible for the property may certify the correction of violations. Check out the HPD site and links for more information.

CONCLUSION

Asthma is a serious yet manageable condition. Indoor allergen hazard removal in NYC residential properties, namely: mold, mice, rats, and cockroaches, will help lessen asthma cases in the city.

Safe removal of pests through integrated pest management (IPM) and indoor mold, with the diligence of property owners and tenants, will help reduce asthma incidence. So, NYC landlords and residents need to have easy access to information and help in remediation.

Call for licensed professional pest exterminators and mold removal experts in your area for speedy correction of Local Law 55 violations.

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How to remove Christmas tree mold

Post author By ayskolnik@gmail.com
Post date December 14, 2022
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How to remove Christmas tree mold

What excitement a Christmas tree brings! Decorating the tree and lining gifts under it make millions of families happy every year. But is you tree free from mold? Trees infected with mold cause a seasonal disease called the Christmas Tree Syndrome. Symptoms include sneezing, stuffy nose, asthma, and allergies.

Don’t let the Christmas Tree sickness dampen your festive mood! Learn how to remove Christmas tree mold now!

This article will tell you more about Christmas tree mold and syndrome and what you can do about it. Here’s an overview:

What does Christmas tree syndrome mean?
How to clean mold off a Christmas tree?
What mold on your Christmas tree tells you?

Your guide to a mold-free Christmas tree

What does Christmas tree syndrome mean?

Christmas Tree Syndrome is the allergic reactions of people exposed to indoor Christmas trees. The mold clinging to both live and artificial trees causes Christmas Tree Syndrome symptoms, including:

Stuffy or runny nose
Sneezing
Itchy eyes, nose, and throat
Difficulty in breathing and wheezing
Nosebleeds
Allergy symptoms
Asthma symptoms

Do a thorough clean-up when you notice family members experiencing symptoms. Consult your health professional when symptoms persist.

And familiarize yourself with mold in Christmas trees to efficiently wipe them out. Here’s how live trees and artificial ones bring mold to your home:

Mold can grow on live Christmas trees

Mold spores are invisible to the naked eye and are always around us. Spores are harmless when dry. Mold grows and multiplies as colonies when moist.

A live Christmas tree can carry about 800 mold spores per square meter outside in cold temperatures. When brought into warm homes, they become moist because of the change in temperatures and activate the spores to become full-blown mold. Spore count inside the home can reach up to 5,000 spores per square meter in two weeks.

Mold can infest an artificial tree

An artificial Christmas tree that is not correctly stored are prone to mold infestation. The trees have to be put in tightly sealed containers. Avoid dusty, damp, and humid storage areas. Do not use organic packing boxes such as cardboard boxes. These types of boxes become conducive homes for mold when wet.

How to remove Christmas tree mold effectively?

The rule of thumb for wiping out full-blown mold involves two tasks:

To clean. Cleaning will wipe away Christmas tree mold spores that are potential disasters when they get moist.
To dry. Drying will stop any invisible spore from growing into a full-blown Christmas tree mold.

Another essential thing to remember: Use a face mask and other necessary protection when removing mold from your Christmas tree.

Keep on scrolling to learn effective ways to clean and dry Christmas trees from mold:

Removing mold from your live Christmas tree.

Live Christmas trees are beautiful to have inside your home. Plus, you get more breathable oxygen, a relaxing atmosphere, cooler air, and biodegradability from top to bottom.

Here’s more. The benefits of having a real tree indoors go beyond your home. Check them out:

The positive ecological impact. The trees are grown for an average of eight to ten years before they are cut down. More than 250 million trees are being grown in Christmas tree farms all over the US, and only a tiny fraction gets harvested yearly.
An economy booster. The live Christmas tree industry employs around 100,000 all over the US. Every year, an average of 20 to 25 million are sold.

So, effectively cleaning mold clinging to your tree is worth it.

Here are the steps to keep your live Christmas Tree healthy and safe inside your home:

Before bringing in your live tree:

It would be best to rid your tree of mold spores before bringing them in. Below are the steps you can follow:

Use a leaf blower. Blast off those Christmas tree mold spores with a leaf blower. It also rids off other allergens like dust and pollen.
Wash your tree. Washing your tree before bringing it in will zap out the Christmas tree mold spores. Most of the spores cling to pine needles and leaves. Give extra attention to these parts when cleaning.

What to use for cleaning the tree?

Vinegar solution. Mixing one part of vinegar with one part of water gives you an effective disinfecting solution.

Wipe the pine needles, leaves, branches, trunk, and pot with the solution. You can also put it in a spray bottle and spray it away. It will help you get to hard-to-reach little areas.

Vinegar can temporarily stop mold from growing and is a safe choice for those sensitive to chemical disinfectants.

DIY fungicidal solution. Here is another solution to clean out mold in your Christmas tree. Mix one gallon of water, three tablespoons of baking soda, one teaspoon of liquid dish soap, and one tablespoon of bleach and put in a spray bottle.

Spray the tree and let it dry before bringing it inside your home.

After bringing your live tree inside your home

Now it is time to set up your tree. You need to:

Choose a place nearest to a sunny window. Avoid shady spots where mold can grow. Sunlight can stop mold from growing and also benefit the tree’s quality growth. Choose a window facing the morning or evening sun. But avoid intense light that may sun-scorch your tree.

Set your tree in a well-ventilated place. Humidity will remain at elevated levels if your indoor air is not well-ventilated. It can create pockets of stagnant moist air for mold to grow and thrive.

Timing matters in setting up your Christmas tree

Real Christmas trees are alive. They react to changes in the atmosphere, unlike artificial trees. So, the better you can hold off setting up your tree. Three to four weeks is the longest period of time where you can safely to keep inside your house without the risk of mold growth.

Mold grows fast when your live tree is indoors because of humidity and the lack of ventilation and sunlight. To keep the tree free of mold, spray it with vinegar and water or your DIY fungicidal mixture every other day. Monitor the tree for mold spots so you can spray them down immediately.

How to remove mold from your artificial Christmas tree

Artificial Christmas trees are preferred by 81% of American households. Here are the reasons why:

Low maintenance. Artificial trees do not need watering. Cleaning up is less because there are no falling pine needles and branches to sweep or sap to wipe.
Hypoallergenic. It is less likely to have mold and allergens on an artificial Christmas tree. So, there will be fewer Christmas tree syndrome symptoms among family members.
Safer than artificial ones. Live trees dry out. The dry leaves, pine needles, and branches are fire hazards, especially near Christmas lights.

Plus, drying out parts tend to droop and make the tree out of balance. Decors may slip, and the tree can tip and fall.

Economical and more convenient. Artificial trees can be used many times over. You can spend less than you would with a real tree. Plus, it is easy to set up with its stand and compact box that fits in your car.

However, stored artificial Christmas trees gather dust and may even have mold. Follow the steps below to keep your family safe from possible mold growth:

Unbox your tree outdoors. Put on your mask and bring out your Christmas tree from storage. Work on cleaning your tree outside where there is good ventilation.
Shake off the dust. Give the tree parts a good shakedown. You can use a leaf blower or an air compressor to make it easier.
Apply vinegar and water solution to disinfect— mix 1 part vinegar and one part water to make a disinfectant. Put the mixture in a spray bottle and spray it on our tree. Then, wipe and dry all the tree parts. Allow all of it to dry completely.
Spray and wipe down with disinfectant regularly. Spray your tree with vinegar-and-water disinfectant every other day. Thoroughly wipe and dry. Keep your artificial tree clean all the time.
Tightly seal when storing. After the holidays, take the tree apart and store it in tightly sealed, dust-free containers. Do not use organic storage boxes because mold can grow when they get moist or wet. Choose a well-ventilated and dry storage area for your tree.

What mold on your Christmas tree tells you:

Mold grows only if these conditions perfectly happen: prolonged moisture, warmth, and organic materials to feed on. So, if you have thoroughly cleaned your tree, whether it is live or artificial, why is mold still growing?

Here are some things you can check:

For live trees:

Your tree may need repotting.

Your live tree’s pot holds the living roots of your Christmas tree. The soil keeping it alive and steady may have mold spores in it. You must keep the soil moist as you need to water the tree to keep it lively and green. That’s when mold grows, not to mention insects, bugs, dust, and other allergens.

So, regularly change the potting mix of your tree to prevent mold infestation, especially in the roots.

For artificial Christmas trees:

When your family is experiencing Christmas Tree Syndromes symptoms after unboxing your tree, below are the possible triggers:

If it is a newly bought tree that you unboxed, then the mold or other allergens must have come from the shop. Clean and wipe down the box immediately. You can also return the item and buy your Christmas tree from a different shop.

It’s time for mold remediation

Your storage may be infested with mold. Do visual inspection of your storage. Check the dark and damp areas for signs or mold. Early detection of mold growth makes for easier clean-up. Examine your storage facility for these other signs that mold remediation is necessary.

CONCLUSION

Removing mold from your Christmas tree is vital for your family’s health during the holiday season. Watch out for Christmas Tree Syndrome symptoms.

Keep your tree clean and dry, whether it is live or artificial. Do not allow mold infestation to thrive. Call a professional mold remover as soon as you can detect mold growth.